Ubiquitous & Individualised Learning

The video suggests the use of Digital Learning Technologies allows for individualised and ubiquitous learning.  Explain what is meant by this.  (At least two references)

As modes of learning have evolved and technologies advanced, Ubiquitous Learning and Digital Learning Technologies now together as an experience will become highly personalised, this could be likened to a 'work and/or education, life, balance', where learning and technologies of our own choosing meld into our lives", and as a result everyone's learning will become Individualised.  

Digital learning technologies are the variety of platforms, hardware, software applications, connectivity options and educational institutions who offer learning modes delivered online, blended or face-to-face.  The structure of learning has become more diverse, where subject knowledge is shared through networks, online content, subject experts and web 2.0 tools.  This enables individuals to create their own unique learning experience at that time. 

It is suggested that Ubiquitous learning (or u-learning) is where learning environments can be accessed in various contexts and situations.  Yeonjeong Park (2011) made comparisons about the flow from e-learning to m-learning then to u-learning as follows:

E-learning - Physical devices are wired, the computation and communication are distinctive and the learning is confined to the single desk.

M-learning - Physical devices are wireless, the computation and communication range between being distinctive and blurry and the learning ranges between being confined to the single desk and dynamic/flexible.

U-learning - Physical devices have disappeared, the computation and communication is blurry and the learning is dynamic/flexible. 

It was stated by (Burbules, 2013) from the Ubiquitous Learning Institute that, "In an era when people can carry the Internet in their pocket, teaching and learning must obviously be reconsidered. The increased use of handheld and portable devices, along with pervasive wireless networking, means that structured learning opportunities are becoming an "any time, anywhere" enterprise. We talk about this shift in terms of ubiquity: the traditional divide between formal and informal contexts of learning is breaking down. Technological as well as social, cultural, and institutional changes mean that learning is a continuous possibility across spatial and temporal barriers. Learners of all ages expect, and often need, structured learning opportunities in a "just in time" mode; this puts new meaning and vitality into the traditional idea of "lifelong learning." 

An ubiquitous learning (u-learning) environment can be characterised by its:

Permanency: 
Learner retains all work and learning processes are recorded in real time.

Accessibility: 
Learners are self-directed and can access all their own data from anywhere.

Immediacy: 
Anywhere, learner information is available or the facility to record questions and look for answer later.

Interactivity: 
Experts, teachers, or peers are available through synchronous or asynchronous communication, this means knowledge is more available.

Situating of instructional activities: 
Work, life, balance where learning melds into learners lives.

Adaptability: 
Learners can get the right information at the right place with the right way.